Hunter's Corner, Redfern. AUSTRÀLIA B/N 2023
The old Victorian building, on the corner of Pitt and Redfern streets, (Redfern NSW 2016, Austràlia) used to be the local convenience before it was reincarnated into a café. Owners Belle Clarke and Pej Zidei began trade on the corner in February 2018 as Bean and Berry, and became Hunter’s Corner in May.
“Inside you’ll find stuff from vintage shops in England, family hand-me-downs from my mum and grandmother, stuff from Mexico, Vanuatu, the Philippines and Japan,” explains self-proclaimed collectomaniac Belle.
The café is the home of Sydney artist Scott Marsh’s mural, which depicts Tony Abbott marrying himself. The pro same-sex marriage statement has been met with resounding support from café goers and passers-by.
“We’ve had people come and get engaged in front of it and take wedding photos next to it. We’re all about inclusivity and we’re very proud to wear such a beautiful and important art work.”
Sadly, in the wake of the triumphant Yes vote, an outbreak of mural defacing has occurred around Sydney. Scott Marsh’s newest mural on the Botany View Hotel in Newtown has been defaced, as well as the mural of much-loved icon George Michael in Erskenville.
The mural at Hunter’s Corner remains untouched by the defacers – let’s hope it stays that way.
Cleveland St Redfern NSW.
Former Como Railway Bridge reused as a walkway and cycleway, across Georges River, between Oatley and Como, New South Wales Over the Georges River, between the southern Sydney suburbs of Como and Oatley, is a former railway bridge opened in 1885 which 100 years later was converted to a picturesque cycleway and walkway. It was the longest, single-track, lattice girder railway bridge in New South Wales.
In 1881 the Public Works Act authorised the raising of 1,020,000 pounds for the construction of a railway from Sydney to Wollongong and Kiama, known as the Illawarra Railway. The tender for the first section, a distance of 37 km including a railway bridge across the Georges River at Como, was accepted from C. & E. Miller & Co. Although officially called the Georges River Bridge, it has always been called the Como Bridge. It was designed by John Whitton (1820-1898) our greatest railway engineer and Engineer-in-Chief of the NSW railways from 1856 until 1890. Similar ones were built between 1871 and 1888 to a standard lattice girder design at the height of the State’s railway expansion.
The single-track Como bridge was built between 1883 and 1885. It has six spans, each of 48.5 metres, totalling 291 metres in length. The superstructure is supported on six pairs of 3.4 m diameter cast-iron cylinders, filled with concrete, ranging in depth from 21 metres to 35 metres. The iron components for the bridge were fabricated in England and shipped to Darling Harbour in Sydney. The cylinders were made by the Stockton Forge Company and the wrought iron superstructure by Cochrane and Co. of Middlesborough, Yorkshire.
Transporting the ironwork from Darling Harbour to the work site at Como involved a lengthy journey. It began going by train to the contractors’ depot south of St Peters station. Then, a temporary standard gauge horse-drawn tramway along the route of the Illawarra Railway under construction to Tempe where it crossed the Cooks River on a wooden trestle bridge. After this it followed the south bank to cross Rocky Point Road. From a series of three wharves the material was then loaded into flat bottom barges or punts pulled by steam tugs from the Cooks River, across Botany Bay to the Georges River. A short, inclined tramway lifted the material from wharves at the bridge site at Como to the railway formation some 15 metres above sea level. Supervision of the bridge’s construction was undertaken by Thomas Rhodes Firth (1832-1903), the District Engineer mainly for the Southern Railway. A total of 450,000 rivets were used. Unusual features of the bridge included the fine sandstone abutments and facia at the northern end and the fact that the track was later gauntleted for safe operating purposes when the line was duplicated.
The bridge was opened on Boxing Day in 1885 and during the holiday period until 4 January 1886 it was permitted to carry excursion trains. The press described them as being ‘patronised to their fullest extent, some of them overwhelmed with excursionists, scarcely affording standing room for hundreds’. This was an unusual occurrence since only test trains could usually operate on a new bridge until load tests had been carried out to the satisfaction of the engineers. In this case, it was a political decision as the then MP for Canterbury, William George Judd (1847-1929), requested the excursion trains be permitted on the bridge over the holidays and the minister for Public Works agreed. The official load tests did not take place until the middle of January when a train comprising three heavy locomotives and tenders were coupled together with a gross load of almost 200 tons and run to and fro across the bridge at speeds of up to 40 km per hour. The resulting deflection was only 16 mm while the final cost of the bridge was 66,000 pounds.
It was not long before the government’s cost-cutting measure of constructing a single-line bridge, against Whitton’s advice, was hugely regretted. Surely, it must have been obvious at the time that eventually the potential for urban development south of the Georges River and the requirements of heavy coal and industrial traffic from the Illawarra warranted a double-track bridge eventually. The ‘single-track’ decision was later referred to literature as a ‘monumental blunder in forward planning’. Furthermore, the government’s insistence on a minimum clearance under the bridge at above high water ensured steep grades on each side of the river were necessary. Only five years after the bridge was opened, a double-track line was constructed for the Illawarra.
In the 1920s, schemes were examined for a new double-track bridge at Como and converting the lattice girder bridge to road use by adding a wide road deck on top. However, the government’s other high-cost priorities, including suburban electrification, stopped any development on the bridge. The enormous operational inconvenience of the single-track bridge ensured it remained an annoying and frustrating bottle-neck for over 80 years. The old Como Bridge stayed in service until November 1972 when it was replaced by an adjacent double-track pre-stressed concrete bridge built upstream of it.
From 1942 the old bridge was given the added function of carrying one, and later two, large water mains from the recently completed Woronora Dam, north, to reservoirs at Penshurst. After it was no longer required by the railways, ownership of the bridge was transferred to the Metropolitan Water Sewerage and Drainage Board which planned to retain it but to remove its distinctively structural features. Members of the Industrial Archaeology Committee of the National Trust of Australia (NSW) were instrumental in having the historic bridge retained, restored and reused so as to be available to the public. They co-ordinated discussions between Sutherland Shire Council, Kogarah Municipal Council, the water board and numerous State authorities to achieve this end in 1985. This was the centenary year of the bridge’s opening and involved funds being provided by the State and Federal Governments, through the Community Employment Program, and Sutherland Council. This allowed the railway infrastructure to be removed from the deck and its conversion into part of a scenic cycleway and walkway extending from the old Como Pleasure Grounds to Oatley shopping centre. The water board carried the cost of repairing and repainting the bridge which has proven to be a popular amenity for locals and modern day-trippers alike. Twenty-five years later, during the leadup to the Sydney Olympics, another of John Whitton’s lattice girder bridges, namely the old Meadowbank Railway Bridge of 1886 across the Parramatta River, was similarly converted.
Major References
Davis, Pedr. “The Hurstville Story”. 1986, p.90.
Eardley, Gifford. “All Stations to Como”. p.17.
Fraser, Don. “Bridges Down Under: The History of Railway Underbridges in New South Wales”. Australian Railway Historical Society New South Division, Redfern, NSW, 1995, p.28, 145.
“National Trust Magazine”, No.29, April 1985.
Simpson, Margaret. “Old Sydney Buildings: A Social History Vol. II”. Unpublished manuscript.
Whittaker, Wal. “Old Como Lattice Girder Railway Bridge”. National Trust of Australia (NSW) classification report, 18 February 1981.
P-Class Tram is on Phillip St Redfern NSW.
O-Class Tram on Cleveland & Chalmers Street Redfern NSW.
HMS / HMAS ANZAC Class……………………………Parker-class Flotilla leader Destroyer
Builder……………………….. William Denny & Bros, Dumbarton
Yard number……………….1059
Laid down..………………….1916
Launched….…………………11 Jan 1917
Completed.………………….24 Apr 1917
Propulsion.…………………..3 shafts each driven by a Brown Curtis Steam Turbine, steam supplied by 4- Yarrow oil fired boilers
Speed..…………………………34 knots
Range…………………………..2500 nm at 15 knots
Fate
•21 Mar 1919: Transferred to the Australian Government as HMAS ANZAC.
•1931: Decommissioned.
•8 Aug 1935: Sold to Abrahams & Wilson, Redfern, NSW for dismantling.
•7 May 1936: Her hull was sunk by gunfire from RAN units, off Sydney Heads,
HMS/HMAS ANZAC was allocated the following pennant numbers
F61................2/17 – 4/17
G60................4/17 – 1/18
G50................1/18 – 3/18
G70................3/18 – 1/19
D07...............9/19 – 12/20
G90...............1920 - 1931
00001 3801 Passing Regent St between Central and Redfern NSW
Former Redfern Electric Light Station, 78 Renwick St, Redfern, NSW Tucked away in a back lane in the inner-Sydney suburb of Redfern stands a historic industrial building relating to the early generation of electric power in New South Wales. Redfern Electric Light Station was the first municipal power-station to be built in Sydney, providing lighting for streets and housing in 1892. This building was the forerunner of the great Sydney city power-stations built from the end of the nineteenth century including Ultimo, Pyrmont and White Bay. In fact, the suburb of Redfern was illuminated by electricity twelve years before the City of Sydney, which followed in 1904 with power generated from Sydney Municipal Council’s Pyrmont power-station. After Redfern power-station was decommissioned, the building managed to survive and was ultimately converted for commercial and residential use.
The first public demonstration of electric lighting in Sydney occurred on 11 June 1863, to mark the marriage of the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII (1841-1910), when an electric arc light was installed outside Sydney Observatory. Despite this display it was not until the last years of the nineteenth century that significant development and utilisation of electricity eventuated in Sydney.
The first commercial use of electricity in Sydney was in 1879 when arc lighting was used to illuminate the International Exhibition building. Time in which to complete the Garden Palace was running out, so several generators were imported from England to produce the necessary light to allow construction work to continue at night. Arc lamps had been used from the 1840s and 1850s in England, Europe and America for outdoor purposes and stage illumination in theatres. However, they were unsuitable for ordinary indoor use as they were cumbersome, generated fumes and heat, and their constant illumination was difficult to control and maintain. Furthermore, the public supply of electricity could not commence until a lamp, which overcame the shortcomings of the arc light, was developed and introduced commercially. Following the pioneering work of others, Joseph (later Sir Joseph) Wilson Swan (1828-1914) in England in 1878 and Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) in America, developed almost simultaneously a satisfactory incandescent carbon filament lamp. Edison patented his lamp in 1879 and the following year produced the first commercial incandescent lamps.
Meanwhile, in Sydney, the first public place to be permanently lit by electricity was Redfern railway terminus (near present day Central station), on 15 June 1882, using power generated at the Eveleigh Railway Workshops. While Sydney proceeded with caution, municipal enterprise and enthusiasm for electric lighting in NSW country towns was considerable. On 8 November 1888, Tamworth became the first Australian town to be have electric street lighting. This was only ten years after the world’s first street lighting was installed in Paris and seven years after the first British supply in Godalming, Surrey, in 1881. Tamworth was followed by Young in 1889 and Moss Vale, Penrith and Broken Hill in 1890.
In Sydney an attempt was made in 1888 to have legislation passed to establish a private network of generation and distribution. This failed but motivated the Sydney Municipal Council into pursuing the matter. In 1891 a committee was established to set up the basis for public distribution of electricity in Sydney. After protracted debate, the Municipal Council of Sydney Electric Lighting Bill was finally passed in 1896. In the same year the Department of Railways, which also had responsibility for the tramways, began planning for the electrification of Sydney’s tramway system and construction commenced on a power-station at Ultimo, now the Powerhouse Museum.
Meanwhile, back in 1889, Redfern Municipal Council had sent aldermen to inspect some of the NSW towns already generating electricity and construction began on their own electric light station in 1891. Completed in 1892, the building was Sydney’s first municipal power-station and Redfern the sixth local council in the State to generate its own electricity. Council engaged Professor Richard (later Sir Richard) Thelfall (1861-1932) as a consultant electrical inspector on the project. Thelfall, who had been appointed to the chair of physics at the University of Sydney in 1886, and his student and friend, the physicist James Arthur Pollock (1865-1922) whom council engaged as an engineering inspector, made a lucrative business in the early 1890s advising municipal councils and private companies on the new electrical-power technology.
The Redfern Electric Light Station building was designed by John E. Kemp of Pitt Street, Sydney, and built by J. Steel. The station consisted of a two-storey engine house, a single-storey boiler house, an octagonal brick chimney and a coal store. The building was constructed of brick, was cement rendered and decorated with late Victorian features including half circle window heads on the first floor of the engine house and pilasters running the full length of the building.
The boiler house was equipped with two multi-tubular horizontal boilers by Tinker Bros of Manchester, England. The boilers were set in substantial brickwork and featured the latest boiler fittings including feed water heaters, Worthington pumps, injectors and low-water alarms. A reserve water tank was available in case the town water supply was shut off. The boilers supplied steam to two horizontal compound steam engines, each 150 hp, supplied by the Benjamin Goodfellow engineering company of Hyde near Manchester. The engines had a common flywheel grooved to take seven driving ropes, which drove two alternators rated at 1,000 volts, and four dynamos. A Sydney firm, the Williamson Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd, designed and made the switchboard and were the contractors who supplied all the plant. The conductors left the switchboard and went upstairs, before passing from a window opening fronting Renwick Street. The station’s plant was tested on 17 May 1892 in front of a group of local dignitaries including the Mayor and Aldermen.
All the mains for both the street and private lighting were carried overhead on machine-turned wooden poles, except for two street crossings and one railway crossing where it was found necessary to take them underground. The street lamps were each of 25 candlepower and supported on neat wrought-iron brackets which carried a clear glass globe and reflector. The transformers were supplied for private lighting and lamps had a capacity of 16 candlepower. The Redfern Electric Light Station was capable of generating enough electricity to power 406 street lamps and 1,000 lamps for private use.
On 8 July 1904, electric street lighting in Sydney was officially turned on by the Lady Mayoress, Mrs S. Lees. With power generated from Pyrmont power-station, 200 arc lamps covered an area from Circular Quay to Redfern railway station. So began the gradual process of the replacement with electricity of Sydney’s gas-lit streets which had commenced in 1841. As well as this the growth in customer demand for electricity increased from 42 subscribers within a month of power being available to 519 subscribers by the end of 1905.
Redfern Council continued to generate its own electricity for twenty-one years and was by then seen as a competitive threat to Sydney Municipal Council’s undertakings to supply the whole city and as much of the environs as possible. Redfern was a major industrial centre, which possessed great possibilities for extension and development, not to mention the large factories in adjoining municipalities. Negotiations began with Redfern Council and the Redfern Electric Light station was acquired as a going concern by Sydney Council for £20,000. However, the machinery, plant, apparatus and appliances, other than the street mains and poles, remained the property of Redfern Council. Agreement was also reached for Sydney Council to run its mains through the streets of Redfern to supply customers in that municipality and in the municipalities lying immediately to its south. Supply to Redfern was officially taken over by Sydney Municipal Council on 19 April 1913. By the early 1920s new generating plant had been installed at Pyrmont power-station and an additional power-station for Sydney Council, at Bunnerong, on the northern shores of Botany Bay, began operations on 2 January 1929.
The Redfern Electric Light Station was eventually superfluous to requirements and it was decommissioned and its machinery and equipment removed. Over the years the building itself has managed to survive, being used to house various light industries including a case factory, machinery and hardware merchants and a store for Wyanna Mills. In 1987 the building was converted into four units, two for commercial use (at this time as photographic studios) and two for residential use. The historic power-station’s external layout is still evident today with its two-storey engine house, single-storey boiler house and brick chimney best seen looking along Renwick Street.
Simpson, Margaret. “Old Sydney Buildings: A Social History”, Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst, NSW, 1995, pp.130-132.
Eveleigh St Redfern NSW.
Ivy Lane Darlington NSW.
Nathan Merritt | Redfern Aboriginal Medical Service, Redfern, NSW NRL star and Redfern Aboriginal Medical Service Ambassador Nathan Merritt, pictured at the AMS in April 2015.
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Atomic "Hazy" Session IPA 4.5% Redfern, NSW.
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