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Vivien LeighVivien Leigh (1913-1967) won two Academy Awards for playing ‘Southern belles’: Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951). On stage, she starred – often with her husband, Laurence Olivier - in parts that ranged from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to Shakespearean characters like Ophelia, Juliet, and Lady Macbeth.
Vivien Leigh was born Vivian Mary Hartley in Darjeeling, India, to Ernest Hartley, a British officer in the Indian Cavalry, and Gertrude Robinson Yackje. In 1917, her father was relocated to Bangalore, while Vivian and her mother stayed in Ootacamund. At age six, Vivian was sent to a convent school in England. In addition to taking the usual classes, Vivian studied violin, piano, cello, and ballet, and participated in school plays. A friend there was the future actress Maureen O'Sullivan, to whom she expressed her desire to become "a great actress". In 1931 her father helped her enrol at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London. She met Herbert Leigh Holman, known as Leigh, a barrister thirteen years her senior. Despite his disapproval of ‘theatrical people’, they were married in 1932, and upon their marriage, she terminated her studies at RADA. In 1933, she gave birth to a daughter, Suzanne, but felt stifled by her domestic life. Her friends suggested her for a small part in Things Are Looking Up (Albert de Courville, 1935), which marked her film debut. She engaged an agent, John Gliddon, who recommended her to film director and producer Alexander Korda, but he rejected her as lacking potential. Cast in the play The Mask of Virtue in 1935, Vivien Leigh received excellent reviews followed by interviews and newspaper articles. Korda, who attended her opening-night performance, admitted his error and signed her to a film contract. Laurence Olivier saw Leigh in The Mask of Virtue, and a friendship developed after he congratulated her on her performance. While playing lovers in the film Fire Over England (William K. Howard, 1937), Olivier and Leigh developed a strong attraction, and after filming was completed, they began an affair. Olivier was married to actress Jill Esmond at that time. Leigh played Ophelia to Olivier's Hamlet in an Old Vic Theatre production. They began living together, as their respective spouses had each refused to divorce. Leigh appeared with Conrad Veidt in the spy thriller Dark Journey (Victor Saville, 1937), and with Robert Taylor and Maureen O'Sullivan in A Yank at Oxford (Jack Conway, 1938). During the production of the latter, she developed a reputation for being difficult and unreasonable, and Korda instructed her agent to warn her. Her next role was in St. Martin's Lane/Sidewalks of London (Tim Whelan, 1938) with Charles Laughton and Rex Harrison.
Laurence Olivier travelled to Hollywood to play Heathcliff in Samuel Goldwyn's production of Wuthering Heights (William Wyler, 1939), leaving Vivien Leigh in London. She was offered Leigh the secondary role of Isabella, but she refused it, saying she would only play Cathy, a role already assigned to Merle Oberon. Leigh's American agent was the London representative of the Myron Selznick Agency, and in 1938, she asked that her name be placed in consideration for the role of Scarlett O'Hara in David O. Selznick's (Myron’s brother) production of Gone with the Wind (Victor Fleming, 1939) an epic adaptation of the bestseller by Margaret Mitchell. David Selznick watched her films, and from that time she became a serious contender for the part. Leigh travelled to Los Angeles, ostensibly to be with Olivier. When Myron Selznick, who also represented Olivier, met Leigh, he felt that she possessed the qualities his brother was searching for. Myron took Leigh and Olivier to the set where the burning of the Atlanta Depot scene was being filmed and introduced Leigh. The following day, Leigh read a scene for Selznick, who organised a screen test and wrote to his wife, "She's the Scarlett dark horse and looks damn good. Not for anyone's ear but your own: it's narrowed down to Paulette Goddard, Jean Arthur, Joan Bennett, and Vivien Leigh". Filming proved difficult for Leigh; director George Cukor was dismissed and replaced by Victor Fleming, with whom Leigh frequently quarrelled. Gone with the Wind brought Leigh immediate attention and fame. Among the ten Academy Awards won by Gone with the Wind was the Best Actress award for Leigh, who also won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress.
In 1940, Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh were married. Leigh hoped to star with her husband and made a screentest for Rebecca (Alfred Hitchcock, 1940). Selznick noted that she didn't seem right as to sincerity or age or innocence, and subsequently cast Joan Fontaine. He also refused to allow her to join Olivier in Pride and Prejudice (Robert Z. Leonard, 1940), and Greer Garson took the part Leigh had envisioned for herself. Waterloo Bridge (Mervyn LeRoy, 1940) was to have starred Olivier and Leigh; however, Selznick replaced Olivier with Robert Taylor, then at the peak of his success as one of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's most popular male stars. Leigh's top billing reflected her status in Hollywood, and the film proved to be popular with audiences and critics. She and Olivier mounted a stage production of Romeo and Juliet for Broadway. The New York Press publicized the adulterous nature that had marked the beginning of Olivier and Leigh's relationship and questioned their ethics in not returning to England to help with the war effort, and critics were hostile in their assessment of the production. The couple had invested almost their entire savings into the project, and its failure was a financial disaster for them. Next, they filmed That Hamilton Woman (Alexander Korda, 1941) with Olivier as Horatio Nelson and Leigh as Emma Hamilton. The film was popular in the United States and an outstanding success in the Soviet Union. The Oliviers returned to England, and Leigh toured through North Africa in 1943, performing for troops before falling ill with a persistent cough and fevers. In 1944 she was diagnosed as having tuberculosis in her left lung. But after spending several weeks in the hospital, she appeared to be cured. When she suffered a miscarriage, she fell into a deep depression. This was the first of many major breakdowns related to bipolar disorder. She was well enough to resume acting in 1946, in a successful London production of Thornton Wilder's The Skin of Our Teeth, but her films of this period, Caesar and Cleopatra (Gabriel Pascal, 1945) and Anna Karenina (Julien Duvivier, 1948), were not great successes.
In 1947 Olivier was knighted, and Vivien Leigh accompanied him to Buckingham Palace for the inauguration. She became Lady Olivier, and after their divorce, per the style granted the divorced wife of a knight, she became, socially, Vivien, Lady Olivier. Leigh played the role of Blanche DuBois in the West End stage production of Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire. Like Blanche, Leigh was romantic, emotionally fragile, and tragic. After a run of 326 performances, she was also engaged for the film version opposite Marlon Brando. The film had glowing reviews, and she won a second Academy Award for Best Actress, a BAFTA Award and a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress. In 1953, Leigh travelled to Ceylon to film Elephant Walk with Peter Finch. Shortly after filming commenced, she suffered a breakdown, and Paramount Pictures replaced her with Elizabeth Taylor. Olivier returned her to their home in England, where between periods of incoherence, Leigh told him that she had been having an affair with Finch. She gradually recovered over several months. Noël Coward was enjoying success with the play South Sea Bubble, with Leigh in the lead role, but she became pregnant and withdrew from the production. Several weeks later, she miscarried and entered a period of depression that lasted for months. In 1960, she and Olivier divorced, and Olivier married the actress Joan Plowright. Vivien’s new partner Jack Merivale proved to be a stabilizing influence for her. Though bouts of depression still beset her, she continued to work in the theatre and won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role in Tovarich in 1963. She also appeared in the films The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (José Quintero, 1961) opposite Warren Beatty, and in the all-star Ship of Fools (Stanley Kramer, 1965). After many long years of battling manic depression and several outbreaks of tuberculosis, Vivien Leigh's body gave out. She died in London in 1967.
Sources: Wikipedia, Brian McFarlane (Encyclopedia of British Film), Vivien Leigh Online, Vivien-Leigh.com, Find a Grave, and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards .
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015 Lord John (Green Plaque) Carnaby Street, London W1www.flickr.com/photos/45676495@N05/albums/72157664483945502/
CARNABY STREET
Carnaby Street is a pedestrianised shopping street in Soho in the City of Westminster, Central London. Close to Oxford Street and Regent Street, it is home to fashion and lifestyle retailers, including many independent fashion boutiques. Carnaby Street in the early 1950s was a shabby Soho backstreet consisting of Rag Trade sweatshops, locksmiths and tailors, and a Central Electricity Board depot practically took up one side of the street. The genesis of Carnaby Street as a global fashion destination began with Bill (Vince) Green, opened a small clothing boutique in 1954, the stores early catalogue models included the then unknown Sean Connery and boxer Billy Walker and one of the shops sales assistants was John Stephen, later to be known as The King of Carnaby Street. Stephen opened the boutique His Clothes in 1957, at first catering mostly for Gay Men but soon went mainstream. Stephen was followed by other men's fashion retailers, including Gear, Mates and Ravel. In 1966, Harry Fox and Henry Moss opened the first women's fashion boutique, Lady Jane, and later rented Foubert's Place to I Was Lord Kitchener's Valet, their first outlet in the area. By the 1960s, Carnaby Street was popular with followers of the mod, hippie and peacock revolution styles Many independent fashion designers, such as Mary Quant, Marion Foale and Sally Tuffin,[12] Lord John, Merc, Take Six, and Irvine Sellars had premises in the street, and various underground music bars, such as the Roaring Twenties, opened in the surrounding streets. Bands such as the Small Faces, the Who and the Rolling Stones appeared in the area, to work (at the legendary Marquee Club round the corner in Wardour Street), to shop and to socialise, so it became one of the coolest destinations associated with 1960s Swinging London.
Carnaby Street was satirised by The Kinks in their 1966 hit - Dedicated Follower of Fashion - and contains the liner - Everywhere the Carnabetian Army marches on, each one a dedicated follower of fashion
Carnaby Street the Musical opened in 2013. The show is set in the 1960s
LORD JOHN
Lord John was a British men's fashion retailer, which opened its first store at 43 Carnaby Street, London, at the corner with Ganton Street, in 1963. the choice of name led to litigation from John Stephen who already owned several fashion shops in the street. In 1967, the store had a three-storey high giant psychedelic mural on the outside of the building, painted by the then largely unknown pop-art collective Doug Binder, Dudley Edwards and David Vaughan (BEV). Lord John was very popular with mods, and regular customers included the pop groups The Small Faces, The Who, and Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones.
Diolch am 89,264,131 o olygfeydd anhygoel, mae pob un yn cael ei werthfawrogi'n fawr.
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Shot 06.11.2021 Carnaby Street In that London in the South (London-Brighton weekend). Ref. 123-015
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Christmas tree....History of Christmas Treesen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_tree
www.history.com/topics/christmas/history-of-christmas-trees
